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SAN FRANCISCO Buy Cialis Online (CN) — Pharmaceutical giants Pfizer and Eli Lilly on Wednesday defeated a multidistrict class action seeking billions of dollars in damages over claims that Viagra and Cialis cause skin cancer. U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg issued summary judgment in favor of the drug makers, finding the plaintiffs had no path forward following his Jan. 13 decision limiting what evidence could be presented at trial. In that ruling, Seeborg rejected the opinions of three experts who testified about a causal link between the erectile dysfunction drugs and melanoma. In light of that decision, Seeborg wrote in a ruling Wednesday that Pfizer and Eli Lilly “are entitled to and hereby are granted summary judgment in their favor as to all of plaintiffs’ claims.” The two drug makers were facing potentially billions of dollars in damages from more than 1,000 lawsuits consolidated into a multidistrict case in San Francisco. During a four-day hearing in October last year Buy Cialis, Seeborg heard testimony from plaintiffs’ experts and defense experts on whether active ingredients in each drug can increase the risk of skin cancer. One plaintiffs’ expert, dermatologist Rehana Ahmed-Saucedo of the University of Minnesota, concluded based on her review of multiple scientific studies that there is an association between phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in Viagra and Cialis and melanoma. Seeborg found she failed to account for the fact that no studies she reviewed “established a relationship between the amount of exposure to PDE5 inhibitors and melanoma progression.” Seeborg concluded that another plaintiffs’ expert, internal medicine specialist Sonal Singh of the University of Massachusetts, relied too heavily on “one of the smallest studies” that found a relationship between the drug’s active ingredient and skin cancer progression, even though such results were found in no other study. The judge also deemed the opinion of a third expert, epidemiologist Feng Liu-Smith of the University of California, Irvine, unreliable because she “conflate[d] strength of association with consistency, as a means of downplaying the undeniable fact that the evidence does not support a finding of a strong association.” Seeborg found each expert also failed to properly apply a Bradford Hill analysis to their findings, which requires using nine factors to determine causation. The nine factors include strength of the association; consistency; specificity; temporality; biological gradient or dose response; biological plausibility; coherence with other scientific knowledge; experimental evidence and analogy. “They have not reliably applied a Bradford Hill analysis to make the requisite leap from correlation to causation,” Seeborg wrote in his Jan. 13 decision. The judge further noted that outside of this litigation, no known scientist or researcher has interpreted existing studies in a way that supports their theory: that the active ingredients in Viagra and Cialis increase one’s risk of developing skin cancer. “Despite substantial research on the issue over many years, plaintiffs’ experts apparently stand alone,” Seeborg wrote. A Pfizer spokesperson applauded Seeborg’s ruling. “Pfizer is pleased that the court has entered summary judgment in the company’s favor, dismissing all claims in this MDL, following the decision in January to exclude the general causation opinions offered by plaintiffs’ experts. Pfizer stands behind Viagra and maintains there is no reliable scientific evidence it causes the injuries alleged in this litigation,” the spokesperson said in a statement. Eli Lilly and plaintiffs’ attorney Ernest Cory of Cory Watson in Birmingham, Alabama, did not immediately return emails and phone calls requesting comment. Approved by the FDA in March 1998, Pfizer’s Viagra has earned the company tens of billions of dollars since its introduction to the market. Viagra earned more than $2 billion in annual sales in 2008. Pfizer lost its exclusive right to sell Viagra in December 2017 and cheaper generic versions are now available Buy Cialis Online. Eli Lilly’s Cialis was approved to treat erectile dysfunction in the United States in 2003. Cialis earned $597 million in 2017, one year before generic versions of the drug hit the market Buy Cialis Online.

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TORONTO Cialis Price — A gunman disguised as a police officer shot people in their homes and set fires in a rampage across the Canadian province of Nova Scotia that killed 16 people, the deadliest such attack in the country’s history. Officials said Sunday the suspected shooter was also dead. A police officer was among those killed. Several bodies were found inside and outside one home in the small, rural town of Portapique, about 60 miles (100 kilometers) north of Halifax — what police called the first scene. Bodies were also found at other locations. The assault began late Saturday, and authorities believe the shooter may have targeted his first victims but then began attacking randomly. Overnight, police began advising residents of the town — already on lockdown because of the coronavirus pandemic — to lock their doors and stay in their basements. Several homes in the area were set on fire as well. Police identified the man believed to be the shooter as Gabriel Wortman, 51, who was thought to live part-time in Portapique. Authorities said he wore a police uniform at one point and made his car look like a Royal Canadian Mounted Police cruiser Cialis Price. Police first announced that they had arrested Wortman at a gas station in Enfield, outside Halifax, but later said he had died. It was not clear how, and they did not explain further. “This is one of the most senseless acts of violence in our province’s history,” said Nova Scotia Premier Stephen McNeil. RCMP spokesman Daniel Brien confirmed that 16 people had been killed in addition to the suspect. The dead officer was identified as Constable Heidi Stevenson, a mother of two and a 23-year veteran of the force. Another officer was also injured. Mass shootings are relatively rare in Canada. The country overhauled its gun-control laws after gunman Marc Lepine killed 14 women and himself at Montreal’s Ecole Polytechnique college in 1989. Before this weekend’s rampage, that had been the country’s worst. It is now illegal to possess an unregistered handgun or any kind of rapid-fire weapon in Canada. The country also requires training, a personal risk assessment, two references, spousal notification and criminal record checks to purchase a weapon Buy Cheap Cialis. “As a country, in moments like these, we come together to support one another. Together we will mourn with the families of the victims, and help them get through this difficult time,” Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said in a written news release. While they believe the attack did not begin as random, police did not say what the initial motive was. RCMP Chief Superintendent Chris Leather said many of the victims did not know the shooter. “That fact that this individual had a uniform and a police car at his disposal certainly speaks to it not being a random act,” Leather said. He added that police believe he acted alone. Leather said they would investigate whether the attack had anything to do with the coronavirus pandemic but no link has been found thus far. At one point, there was an exchange of gunfire between the suspect and police, he said Cialis Price. Late Sunday morning, there were half a dozen police vehicles at the scene of the gas station where the suspect died. Yellow police tape surrounded the gas pumps, and a large silver-colored SUV was being investigated. Cpl. Lisa Croteau, a spokeswoman with the provincial force, said police received a call about “a person with firearms” late Saturday night, and the investigation “evolved into an active shooting investigation.” Christine Mills, a resident of the area, said it had been a frightening night for the small town, with armed officers patrolling the streets. In the morning, helicopters flew overhead searching for the suspect. “It’s nerve-wracking because you don’t know if somebody has lost their mind and is going to beat in your front door,” she said. Tom Taggart, a lawmaker who represents the Portapique area in the Municipality of Colchester, said the quiet community has been shaken. “This is just an absolutely wonderful, peaceful quiet community and the idea that this could happen in our community is unbelievable,” Taggart said by phone from his home in nearby Bass River. A Gabriel Wortman is listed as a denturist — a person who makes dentures — in the city of Dartmouth, near Halifax, according to the Denturist Society of Nova Scotia website. A suspect photo issued by the RCMP appears to be of the same person seen in video footage being interviewed about dentures by CTV Atlantic in 2014. Mills also said that Wortman was known locally as someone who divided his time between a residence in Halifax and a residence in Portapique. Taggart said he didn’t know Wortman well, but spoke to him a few times when he telephoned about municipal issues. Taggart described knowing Wortman’s “lovely big home Cialis Price” on Portapique Beach Road.

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Governors across the country on Sunday pushed back on the Trump administration's claims that states are conducting a "sufficient" level of coronavirus testing Without Prescriptions. Speaking with CNN's "State of the Union," Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam, a Democrat, said it was "delusional" to suggest the states have enough tests to soon begin reopening their economies. "That's just delusional to be making statements like that," Northam said. "We have been fighting every day for PPE. And we have got some supplies now coming in. We have been fighting for testing. It's not a — it's not a straightforward test. We don't even have enough swabs, believe it or not. And we're ramping that up. But for the national level say that we have what we need, and really to have no guidance to the state levels, is just irresponsible, because we're not there yet." Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan, a Republican, told CNN that the "lack of testing" is "probably the number one problem in America, and has been from the beginning of this crisis." "And I have repeatedly made this argument to the leaders in Washington on behalf of the rest of the governors in America," Hogan said. "And I can tell you, I talk to governors on both sides of the aisle nearly every single day. The administration, I think, is trying to ramp up testing, and trying — they are doing some things with respect to private labs. But to try to push this off to say that the governors have plenty of testing, and they should just get to work on testing, somehow we aren't doing our job, is just absolutely false." He added that governors have been "fighting and clawing to get more tests" from both the federal government and private labs, and are continuing to do so Cialis. He echoed Northam in saying there are shortages of swabs needed to conduct the tests, among other necessities. "So, look, I think they have made some strides at the federal level," Hogan said. "I think states are all working hard on their own to find their own testing Without Prescriptions. Lab capacity has been increasing. But it's not accurate to say there's plenty of testing out there, and the governors should just get it done. That's just not being straightforward." Public health experts have said testing would need to be at least doubled, or even tripled from current levels in order to allow for even a partial reopening of America's economy. Without such a massive increase, officials will lack a clear picture of who is infected, who can safely return to work, how and where the virus is spreading, and whether stay-at-home orders can begin to be eased, those experts said. The White House's own recommendations, revised last week, note that robust testing is needed for states to begin easing coronavirus restrictions. The White House has said testing will be state-led, and that it believes enough tests are available for any state to move into the first phase of reopening. Vice President Mike Pence said Sunday that the U.S. has completed 4 million tests as of Saturday (a number that represents slightly more than 1 percent of the country.) Pence said the U.S. can test 150,000 people per day, though daily capacity would double "overnight" if states would reactivate all labs within their state that can handle tests. “There is a sufficient capacity of testing across the country today for any state in America to go to a Phase 1 level, which contemplates testing people that have symptoms of coronavirus, and also doing the kind of monitoring of vulnerable populations in our cities, in our nursing homes, that we ought to be watching very carefully for outbreaks," Pence told NBC's "Meet the Press." "The numbers originally said that we only needed 750,000 tests a week," White House coronavirus response coordinator Deborah Birx told CBS's "Face the Nation. "We've long since passed that the new number coming from Harvard is the half a million a day." "What we're trying to do is look at this in a very data-driven, granular scientific methodologies to protect community by community the testing that is needed," she continued. "At the same time, working with every laboratory director across the country that have these multiple platforms to really understand and find solutions for them on their issues related to supplies." But governors have said are short the necessary equipment to conduct widespread testing. Speaking with "Meet the Press," Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine, a Republican, said he "could probably double, maybe even triple testing in Ohio virtually overnight if the FDA would prioritize companies that are putting a slightly different formula together for the extraction reagent kit. 'If anyone at the FDA is watching, this would really take our capacity up literally overnight, and that's what we need to get moving in Ohio," he added. Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, a Democrat, said her state also has the capacity to "double or triple the number of tests we are doing but we need some of the supplies." "The reagents and the swabs are absolutely essential," she said. "You can't process all these tests if you can't take the sample and protect it. And move forward through testing. So while our capabilities are there, these important supplies are not Without Prescriptions." She said that if the federal government could use the Defense Production Act to have companies make swabs and hasten the creation of the reagents, "we would be able to know how prevalent COVID-19 is." "It would take down the risk associated with taking actions to reengage parts of our economy because we would have a lot more data about how prevalent COVID-19 still is in our states," she added. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., told "Fox News Sunday," that testing is "part of something bigger" that has to "be done properly." She said testing must be joined by a program for contact tracing, treatment and individual quarantines in order to be effective. "We’re way late on it," Pelosi said of widespread testing. "And that is the failure. President gets an “F,” a failure on the testing."

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